Are you looking to buy a new home? Are you thinking that now's a great time to find bargains? Before you make an offer, it pays to know a little about the seller's situation.

If a home is being sold for below what the current seller owes on the property—and the seller does not have other funds to make up the difference at closing—the sale is considered a short sale. Many more home owners are finding themselves in this situation due to a number of factors, including job losses, aggressive borrowing against their home in the days of easy credit, and declining home values in a slower real estate market.

A short sale is different from a foreclosure, which is when the seller's lender has taken title of the home and is selling it directly. Homeowners often try to accomplish a short sale in order to avoid foreclosure. But a short sale holds many potential pitfalls for buyers. Know the risks before you pursue a short-sale purchase.

You're a good candidate for a short-sale purchase if:

• You're very patient. Even after you come to agreement with the seller to buy a short-sale property, the seller’s lender (or lenders, if there is more than one mortgage) has to approve the sale before you can close. When there is only one mortgage, short-sale experts say lender approval typically takes about two months. If there is more than one mortgage with different lenders, it can take four months or longer for the lenders to approve the sale.
• Your financing is in order. Lenders like cash offers. But even if you can’t pay all cash for a short-sale property, it’s important to show you are well qualified and your financing is set. If you're preapproved, have a large down payment, and can close at any time, your offer will be viewed more favorably than that of a buyer whose financing is less secure.
• You don’t have any contingencies. If you have a home to sell before you can close on the purchase of the short-sale property—or you need to be in your new home by a certain time—a short sale may not be for you. Lenders like no-contingency offers and flexible closing terms.

If you're serious about purchasing a short-sale property, it's important for you to have expert assistance. Here are some people you want to work with:

• Experienced real estate attorney. Only about two out of five short sales are approved by lenders. But a good real estate attorney who's knowledgeable about the short-sale process will increase your chances getting an approved contract. Also, if you want any provisions or very specialized language written into the purchase contract, a real estate attorney is essential throughout the negotiation.
• A qualified real estate professional.* You may have a close friend or relative in real estate, but if that person doesn’t know anything about short sales, working with him or her may hurt your chances of a successful closing. Interview a few practitioners and ask them how many buyers they've represented in a short sale and, of those, how many have successfully closed. A qualified real estate professional will be able to show you short-sale homes, help negotiate the purchase when you find the property you want to buy, and smooth communications with the lender. (All MLSs permit, and some now require, special notations to indicate that a listing is a short sale. There also are certain phrases you can watch for, such as “lender approval required.”)
• Title officer. It’s a good idea to have a title officer do an initial title search on a short-sale property to see all the liens attached to the property. If there are multiple lien holders (e.g., second or third mortgage or lines of credit, real estate tax lien, mechanic’s lien, homeowners association lien, etc.), it's much tougher to get that short sale contract to the closing table. Any of the lien holders could put a kink in the process even after you’ve waited for months for lender approval. If you don’t know a title officer, your real estate attorney or real estate professional should be able to recommend a few.

Some of the other risks faced by buyers of short-sale properties include:

• Potential for rejection. Lenders want to minimize their losses as much as possible. If you make an offer tremendously lower than the fair market value of the home, chances are that your offer will be rejected and you’ll have wasted months. Or the lender could make a counteroffer, which will lengthen the process.
• Bad terms. Even when a lender approves a short sale, it could require that the sellers sign a promissory note to repay the deficient amount of the loan, which may not be acceptable to some financially desperate sellers. In that case, the sellers may refuse to go through with the short sale. Lenders also can change any of the terms of the contract that you’ve already negotiated, which may not be agreeable to you.
• No repairs or repair credits. You will most likely be asked to take the property “as is.” Lenders are already taking a loss on the property and may not agree to requests for repair credits.

The risks of a short sale are considerable. But if you have the time, patience, and iron will to see it through, a short sale can be a win-win for you and the sellers.

* Not all real estate practitioners are REALTORS®. A REALTOR® is a member of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS® and is bound by NAR’s strict code of ethics.

 Note: This article provides general information only. Information is not provided as advice for a specific matter. Laws vary from state to state. For advice on a specific matter, consult your attorney or CPA. 

Bringing the Dream of Homeownership Within Reach

As part of its plan to stimulate the U.S. housing market and address the economic challenges facing our nation, Congress has passed new legislation that:

• Extends the First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit of up to $8,000 to first-time home buyers until April 30, 2010.
• Expands the credit to grant up to $6,500 credit to current home owners purchasing a new or existing home between November 7, 2009 and April 30, 2010.

Here is more information about how the Extended Home Buyer Tax Credit can help prospective home buyers become part of the American dream. If you have specific questions or need additional information, please contact a tax professional or the Internal Revenue Service

Who Qualifies for the Extended Credit?

• First-time home buyers who purchase homes between November 7, 2009 and April 30, 2010.
  
• Current home owners purchasing a home between November 7, 2009 and April 30, 2010, who have used the home being sold or vacated as a principal residence for five consecutive years within the last eight.

To qualify as a “first-time home buyer” the purchaser or his/her spouse may not have owned a residence during the three years prior to the purchase.

If you or your client purchased a home between January 1, 2009 and November 6, 2009, please see: 2009 First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit.

Which Properties Are Eligible?

The Extended Home Buyer Tax Credit may be applied to primary residences, including: single-family homes, condos, townhomes, and co-ops.

How Much Is Available?

The maximum allowable credit for first-time home buyers is $8,000.

The maximum allowable credit for current homeowners is $6,500.

How is a Buyer's Credit Amount Determined?

Each home buyer’s tax credit is determined by two additional factors:

1. The price of the home.
2. The buyer's income.

Price

Under the Extended Home Buyer Tax Credit, credit may only be awarded on homes purchased for $800,000 or less.

Buyer Income

Under the Extended Home Buyer Tax Credit, which is effective on November 7, 2009,  single buyers with incomes up to $125,000 and married couples with incomes up to $225,000—may receive the maximum tax credit.

These income limits have changed from the 2009 First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit limits. If you or your client purchased a home between January 1, 2009 and November 6, 2009, please see 2009 First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit.

If the Buyer(s)’ Income Exceeds These Limits, Can He/She Still Get a Credit?

Yes, some buyers may still be eligible for the credit.

The credit decreases for buyers who earn between $125,000 and $145,000 for single buyers and between $225,000 and $245,000 for home buyers filing jointly. The amount of the tax credit decreases as his/her income approaches the maximum limit. Home buyers earning more than the maximum qualifying income—over $145,000 for singles and over $245,000 for couples are not eligible for the credit.

Can a Buyer Still Qualify If He/She Closes After April 30, 2010?

Under the Extended Home Buyer Tax Credit, as long as a written binding contract to purchase is in effect on April 30, 2010, the purchaser will have until July 1, 2010 to close.

Will the Tax Credit Need to Be Repaid?

No. The buyer does not need to repay the tax credit, if he/she occupies the home for three years or more. However, if the property is sold during this three-year period, the full amount credit will be recouped on the sale.

 "Copyright National Association of REALTORS®, Reprinted with permission." 

The Federal Housing Administration mortgage insurance program is a critical part of the American housing fabric and has never been more important than it is in today’s market, NAR President Vicki Cox Golder told a congressional panel today.

Testifying before the House Committee on Financial Services, Golder said that the FHA program is fiscally sound with responsible underwriting, and needs enhancements not radical reform. She urged Congress and the administration to tread lightly before making changes to a program that has a profound impact on economic recovery and serves the nation’s families.

“With the collapse of the private mortgage market, the importance of the FHA mortgage insurance program has never been more apparent. Thus far in 2009, nearly 80 percent of all FHA insured purchasers are first-time homebuyers. And if you take a closer look at the numbers, you’ll see that program is doing exactly what it was designed to do—make more affordable mortgage financing available to homeowners,” said Golder, owner of Vicki L. Cox & Associates in Tucson, Ariz.

She pointed out that this year almost 50 percent of non-white Hispanic borrowers used FHA insurance or the Veterans Administration’s loan guaranty for home-purchase loans and 21 percent used the FHA or VA program to refinance a home loan. Last year, more than 60 percent of home-purchase loans and about 45 percent of refinance loans to black homebuyers were insured or guaranteed by either FHA or VA.

“As the leading advocate for homeownership and housing issues, NAR knows that without FHA mortgage insurance, our housing market could never start to recover,” Golder said.

FHA’s decline in reserves is in part a reflection of a projected change in home price values, and is not tied to excessive increases in defaults or unsound underwriting practices, she said. In citing the recent FHA audit, Golder said, “If FHA makes no changes to the way it does business today, the reserves will actually exceed 2 percent in the next several years. FHA has sufficient reserves.”

FHA cash reserves and capital reserves give the agency combined assets of $30.4 billion—enough to pay all claims over a 30-year period. Most banks are required to hold reserves sufficient to pay only one year of claims. “Realtors® strongly believe that FHA is taking the necessary steps to assure its financial solvency,” Golder said.

“We look forward to working with the Department of Housing and Urban Development. We have confidence that FHA Commissioner Dave Stevens will do what’s needed to ensure the financial health and stability of the FHA fund. We encourage FHA to take steps that will have the least impact on FHA borrowers who are such an important part of our housing and economic recovery,” said Golder.

NAR strongly opposes H.R. 3706, the “FHA Taxpayer Protection Act of 2009,” which would increase FHA’s downpayment requirement. The bill would not add anything to FHA reserves but would put homeownership out of reach for many creditworthy borrowers.

“Realtors® believe that the best way to ensure FHA’s success is to strengthen it,” she said.

Golder also thanked Chairman Barney Frank (D-Mass.) and the committee for passing legislation to extend the higher loan limits through 2010, but urged the committee to make the higher limits permanent. “The higher limits are not just for a few states with high median prices. There are currently 245 counties in 28 states that have high cost limits—this is a national issue,” she said.

The National Association of Realtors®, “The Voice for Real Estate,” is America’s largest trade association, representing 1.2 million members involved in all aspects of the residential and commercial real estate industries.

# # #

Information about NAR is available at www.realtor.org.

 "Copyright National Association of REALTORS®, Reprinted with permission."

Home rehabbers who are considering a move in the not-too-distant future should focus mostly on exterior upgrades. That’s the message from REALTORS® who participated in Remodeling magazine’s 20th annual "Cost vs. Value Report," done in cooperation with REALTOR® Magazine.

REALTORS® in 65 markets were given construction specs and costs on 29 upscale and midrange projects and asked to estimate the percentage return at resale.

Of projects that saw national cost recovery rates of more than 80 percent in 2007, only one — a minor kitchen remodel, with 83 percent of cost recovered — was a strictly interior job. The others were an upscale siding replacement using fiber cement materials (88.1 percent), a wood deck addition (85.4 percent), midrange vinyl siding replacement (83.2 percent), and upscale vinyl and midrange wood window replacements (81 percent and 81.2 percent, respectively).

On most projects, the value of remodeling trended down in 2007 compared with 2006. No project exceeded an 88 percent return. The likely culprits for the year-to-year drop: rising remodeling costs and slowing home appreciation brought on by the lackluster housing market in many areas.

The story was somewhat different in the Pacific region, however, where REALTORS® estimated cost recovery of more than 100 percent for six projects: a wood deck addition, a minor kitchen remodel, fiber-cement siding replacement, wood window replacement, and an upscale wood and vinyl window replacement.

Nationally, projects at the bottom of the cost-recovery ladder included home office remodels (57 percent), installing a back-up power generator (58 percent), and adding a mid-range sunroom (59.1 percent).

Put Costs and Values in Context

Looked at over a number of years, some projects appear to recoup considerably less than others. Home office remodels, for instance, have been at or near the bottom of the national averages since 2005 when the project was added to the survey. People investing in a home office typically do so to fill a specific need, such as to start a home-based business or telecommute. A prospective buyer with different space needs won’t see the value, regardless of the cost.

On the other hand, since minor kitchen remodels were added to the report in 2004, they’ve consistently ranked among the highest-value projects, according to practitioners surveyed.

When looking at cost estimates for individual projects, remember that averaging tends to have a leveling effect on job cost data. Also, seemingly small differences in project size and scope, or in the quality of finishes, can dramatically affect final project cost.

It’s also important to consider whether a remodeled space reduces the perceived number of rooms or available square footage. For example, carving a half-bath out of unused storage space under a staircase is an obvious gain in usable space. But converting an existing bedroom into a master bath, while a positive development in many respects, may reduce the number of bedrooms below the minimum expectation of some prospective buyers.

Similarly, the cost recouped on a given remodeling project depends on a wide variety of factors. These include the condition of the rest of a house, the value of similar homes nearby, and the rate at which property values are changing in the surrounding area. A home’s urban, suburban, or rural setting also affects its value, as does the availability and cost of new and existing homes in the immediate vicinity.

Finally, there can be wide regional swings. A midrange bathroom remodel recovers 85 percent of its cost in the South but only 63 percent in the Midwest.

Where resale value is a major factor in a home owner’s decision to remodel, the best course of action is to consult with a local remodeler about construction cost — and look closely at the comps and market conditions.

Survey Changes Affect Results

Some of the volatility in year-to-year comparisons results from two changes to the survey itself. The first is a general overhaul of the project descriptions and cost estimates, begun in 2006 and completed this year. These changes resulted in cost increases larger than would have resulted simply from rising labor and material costs, notably for major kitchen remodels, bath projects, and siding replacements. The construction costs are more accurate than in previous years, but they combine with slower home appreciation to create a lower percentage in the value column.

The second change began in 2002 with the introduction of higher-priced upscale versions of some projects. Although the range of costs thus created made the report more useful, it impacted year-over-year comparisons. While the trend of core projects turned down in 2003, the trend for all projects peaked in 2005 before turning downward.

As we continue to survey all 29 projects, we expect trend data to become more reliable. Until then, the most useful comparisons are of national data for single projects and of regional cost and value differences.

About the Survey

Construction cost estimates for the 2007 Cost vs. Value Report come from HomeTech Information Systems, a remodeling estimating software company based in Bethesda, Md., which regularly collects current cost information from a nationwide network of remodeling contractors and suppliers and applies an adjustment factor to account for regional pricing variations. Construction cost figures include labor, material, subtrades, and contractor overhead and profit.

Over the last two years, project specifications and estimating templates have been updated to clarify dimensions, modify material specs, and ensure that special requirements such as laying tile on the diagonal were properly accounted for. In some cases, this process resulted in prices that are higher than what would be expected from price inflation alone. Although such pricing adjustments affect year-over-year price comparisons, all of the values in the 2007 Cost vs. Value Report are based on the refreshed prices, which we consider to be more accurate than before.

For each project, the value data are aggregated from estimates provided by members of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®. E-mail surveys containing project descriptions, construction costs, and median home price data for each city were sent to more than 100,000 appraisers, sales associates, and brokers. Survey respondents were asked to use this information to estimate the value that the remodeling projects would add to the house at resale in the current market, assuming that the project was recently completed.

The survey took place over eight weeks in July and August 2007. The survey was administrated by Specpan, an Indianapolis-based market research company specializing in business-to-business Web-based surveys.

For the national averages, the confidence level is 95 percent +/–2 percent based on 2,770 survey respondents. This means that 95 percent of the time, national averages for this survey will fall within 2 percent of either side of the results of this year’s survey.

December 14, 2009

By Danielle Hale, Research Economist

• After seven consecutive quarters of decline, the net worth of households and non-profits increased for the second quarter in a row. The current net worth of households and non-profits is 53.4 trillion according to Federal Reserve Flow of Funds data.
• This is a 5.3 percent improvement over the second quarter and a 10.2 percent improvement over the first quarter.
• Net worth has improved as a result of declining liabilities (including mortgages), financial assets (particularly corporate equities and mutual fund shares), and tangible assets (including real estate for households).
• At its peak, the net worth of households and non-profits was 66 trillion. Net worth is nearing its long-term average of nearly 5 times disposable personal income.
• In the aggregate, real estate held by households has increased by $850 billion over the last two quarters.

 "Copyright National Association of REALTORS®, Reprinted with permission."